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  • Pagodasto
    Matthew Knoll -‎ The Terence McKenna Group

    Last night I was doing inventory at work, and halfway through I asked a few people around me "do you ever ask yourself the meaning of life? Billions of years of evolution and here we are...beeping boxes". They literally stopped what they were doing and stared at me as if I asked them if they thought hitler was a nice guy. Even though I was basically joking it kind of sunk in that pondering life isnt as common place as I thought.
    S
    "Không bao giờ nói bạn đã thất bại
    Cho đến khi đó là nỗ lực cuối cùng của bạn
    Và không bao giờ nói rằng đó là nỗ lực cuối cùng của bạn
    Cho đến khi bạn đã thành công"
    "Có thể bạn không nhìn thấy con đường mình đi, nhưng điều quan trọng là trong trái tim bạn biết rõ nơi mình đến"
    Pagodasto
    Bác sỹ chuyên khoa thần kinh, tâm trí gọi là Psychiatrist,
    Chuyên gia tâm lý ( Tiến sỹ Ph .D. ) gọi là Psychologist,
    Bác sỹ chuyên khoa về đầu và thần kinh gọi là Neologist.

    Xin thêm chi tiết cặn kẽ hơn: Tại Mỹ, Canada bạn muốn là Bác sỹ trước hết phải là cấp bằng Tiến sỹ Y khoa , không có chuyện thạc sỹ bác sỹ như VN , Đầu tiên bạn phải có cử nhân trước khi trường Y cho vào năm thứ nhất , bạn phải học thêm khoảng 4 năm trước khi đi thực tập nội trú ( 4 năm cử nhân+ 3,4 năm trường Y + 1,2 năm thực tập = gần 10 năm ĐH) bạn có bằng TS Y khoa để làm BS thường General Practice( gọi là BS gia đình ), sau khi làm BS thường bạn có thể đi học lên cao hơn , gọi là Hậu BS ( Post Doctor ) để thành BS chuyên khoa, bạn học thêm khoảng 2,3 năm để thành BS thần kinh tâm trí (Psychiatist ) hay BS chuyên khoa hệ thần kinh,óc (Neologist).
    Chuyên gia tâm lý Psychologist không học ở trường Y khoa mà học ở ĐH tổng hợp Khoa học ngành Tâm lý ,đi từng bước cử nhân , cao học ( Thạc sỹ ) rồi Tiến sỹ tâm lý ., TS thì cũng được gọi là Doctor nên dễ lầm hai loại BS bên trên. Sự khác biệt 3 loại trên , đại khái như sau :
    Bạn thấy khó chịu,uất ức , sống không thoải mái bạn có thể đi gặp chuyên gia tâm lý Psychologist, họ sẽ giúp bạn.
    Bạn nổi cơn điên , không kiểm sóat đươc, không kiềm chế hay đầu óc mơ hoảng thì bạn phải đi gặp BS tâm trí (Psychiatist ), họ có quyền khẳng định bạn có điên hay không và cho bạn nhập viện nếu cần.
    Đầu và óc bạn có vấn đề như nhức đầu mãi, càng ngày càng tăng có thể có cục u , ung thư, ,,,,,BS hệ thần kinh Neologist sẽ khẳng định bạn thật sự có vấn đề đó hay không, quyết định cho bạn đi mổ óc, chiếu điện.
    Xin lỗi đã trả lời hơi dài , nhưng hy vọng sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ về hàm vị Y khoa ở Mỹ và Canada , chức năng , công việc của nó.

    https://vn.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090414155504AASDM7W
    Pagodasto
    "Hàng ngày, tôi nhìn thấy con người ta như vậy đó. Họ chẳng bao giờ sống hết mình, hay chỉ một lần hoàn toàn tin vào ai đó, mà thật ra, chính là tin vào bản năng của chính họ. Mọi người cứ rụt rè với nhau, nghi ngại và dè chừng. Tôi sẽ không để anh bắt bài tôi, tôi sẽ giữ lại chút niềm tin cho mình, tôi sẽ không bao giờ tin ai trọn vẹn nữa hết. Chúng ta cứ sống như thế, và bảo rằng: Đó là thực tại. Chúng ta dạy trẻ con theo cách đó: Đời không như là mơ. Và thế hệ đi trước lúc nào cũng bảo thế hệ đi sau là non kém, không hiểu đời.

    Thực tại, chỉ đơn giản là tồn tại. Nếu một người trên đời này giữ nguyên lý tưởng của họ, thế giới sẽ có nghĩa là đã từng có lý tưởng đó tồn tại. Nhưng chúng ta lại quá dễ thay đổi lý tưởng của mình, bởi vì… bởi vì… chúng ta không có niềm tin."

    - Lục Phong
    Pagodasto
    How to Think Like a Wise Person
    Age and intelligence don't always bring better judgment; this does.

    Post published by Adam Grant Ph.D. on Aug 28, 2013 in Give and Take

    If I asked you to judge how smart someone is, you’d know where to start. But if you were going to assess how wise that person is, what qualities would you consider?

    Wisdom is the ability to make sound judgments and choices based on experience. It’s a virtue according to every great philosophical and religious tradition, from Aristotle to Confucius and Christianity to Judaism, Islam to Buddhism, and Taoism to Hinduism. According to the book From Smart to Wise(link is external), wisdom distinguishes great leaders from the rest of the pack. So what does it take to cultivate wisdom?

    In an enlightening study(link is external) led by psychologists Paul Baltes and Ursula Staudinger, a group of leading journalists nominated public figures who stood out as wise. The researchers narrowed the original list down to a core set of people who were widely viewed as possessing wisdom—an accomplished group of civic leaders, theologians, scientists, and cultural icons. They compared these wise people with a control group of professionals who were successful but not nominated as wise (including lawyers, doctors, teachers, scientists, and managers).

    Both groups answered questions that gave them a chance to demonstrate their wisdom. For example, what advice would they give to a widowed mother facing a choice between shutting down her business and supporting her son and grandchildren? How would they respond to a call from a severely depressed friend? A panel of experts evaluated their answers, and the results—along with several follow-up studies—reveal six insights about what differentiates wise people from the rest of us.


    1. Don’t wait until you’re older and smarter. The people with the highest wisdom scores are just as likely to be 30 as 60. It turns out that the number of life experiences has little to do with the quality of those experiences. According to the data, between ages 25 to 75, the correlation between age and wisdom is zero(link is external). Wisdom emerges not from experience itself, but rather from reflecting thoughtfully on the lessons gained from experience. Further research shows(link is external) that intelligence only accounts for about 2% of the variance in wisdom. It’s possible to be quick on your feet and skilled in processing complex information without reaching sensible solutions to problems. Cultivating wisdom is a deliberate choice that people can make regardless of age and intelligence. Here’s how they do it.

    2. See the world in shades of grey, not black and white. Imagine meeting a 15-year-old girl who plans to get married next week. What would you tell her?

    Here’s a response that scored low(link is external) in wisdom: “A 15-year-old girl wants to get married? No, no way, marrying at age 15 would be utterly wrong. One has to tell the girl thatmarriage is not possible. (After further probing) It would be irresponsible to support such an idea. No, this is just a crazy idea.”

    In contrast, wise people embraced nuance and multiple perspectives. Consider one answer that received high marks(link is external) for wisdom: “Well, on the surface, this seems like an easy problem. On average, marriage for 15-year-old girls is not a good thing. But there are situations where the average case does not fit. Perhaps in this instance, special life circumstances are involved, such that the girl has a terminal illness. Or the girl has just lost her parents. And also, this girl may live in another culture or historical period. Perhaps she was raised with a value system different from ours. In addition, one has to think about adequate ways of talking with the girl and to consider her emotional state.”

    Wise people specialize in what strategy expert Roger Martin calls(link is external) integrative thinking—“the capacity to hold two diametrically opposing ideas in their heads”—and reconcile them for the situation at hand. In the words of the philosopher Bertrand Russell, “fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts.”

    3. Balance self-interest and the common good. A second defining quality of wisdom is the ability to look beyond our personal desires. As psychologist Robert Sternberg puts it(link is external): “wisdom and egocentricity are incompatible…[P]eople who have gotten where they are by not taking other people's interests into account or even by actively thwarting the interests of others…would not be viewed as wise.”

    This doesn’t mean that wise people are self-sacrificing. In Give and Take(link is external), I report evidence that well-being and success both suffer if we’re too focused on others or on ourselves. It’s neither healthy nor productive to be extremely altruistic or extremely selfish. People who fail to secure their oxygen masks before assisting others end up running out of air, and those who pursue personal gains as the expense of others end up destroying their relationships and reputations. Wise people reject the assumption that the world is a win-lose, zero-sum place. They find ways to benefit others that also advance their own objectives.

    4. Challenge the status quo. Wise people are willing to question rules(link is external). Instead of accepting things as they have always been, wisdom involves asking whether there’s a better path. In Practical Wisdom(link is external), psychologist Barry Schwartz and political scientist Kenneth Sharpe describe a Philadelphia man who was convicted of holding up a taxi driver with a gun. The sentencing guidelines called for two to five years in jail, but the facts of case didn’t fit: the man used a toy gun, it was his first offense, he had just lost his job, and he stole $50 to support his family. A wise judge gave him a shorter sentence and permission to hold a job outside of jail during the day so that he could take care of his family—and required him to repay the $50.

    5. Aim to understand, rather than judge. By default, many of us operate like jurors, passing judgment on the actions of others so that we can sort them into categories of good and bad. Wise people resist this impulse(link is external), operating more like detectives whose goal is to explain other people’s behaviors. As psychologist Ellen Langer is fond of saying(link is external), “Behavior makes sense from the actors’ perspective, or else they wouldn’t do it.” Over time, this emphasis on understanding rather than evaluating yields an advantage in predicting others’ actions, enabling wise people to offer better advice to others and make better choices themselves.

    6. Focus on purpose over pleasure. In one surprising study(link is external), Baltes’ team discovered that wise people weren’t any happier than their peers. They didn’t experience more positive emotions, perhaps because wisdom requires critical self-reflection and a long-term view. They recognized that just as today’s cloud can have a silver lining tomorrow, tomorrow’s silver lining can become next month’s suffering. However, there was a clear psychological benefit of wisdom: a stronger sense of purpose in life. From time to time, wisdom may involve putting what makes us happy on the back burner in our quest for meaning and significance.

    On the way to success, many people pursue money and power over wisdom. As Benjamin Franklin once wrote:

    “Who is wise? He that learns from everyone.

    Who is powerful? He that governs his passions.

    Who is rich? He that is content.

    Who is that? Nobody.”

    A truly wise person would refuse to accept that conclusion.


    https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/give-and-take/201308/how-think-wise-person
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