CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRONG TIẾNG ANH
0. Type 0:Câu điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại
| If clause | Main clause |
| If + S + V1 / V s(es) (Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: don’t / doesn’t + Vo) | S + V1 / V s(es) (Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: don’t / doesn’t + Vo) |
| If clause | Main clause |
| If + S + V1 / V s(es), (Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: don’t / doesn’t + Vo) | S + will / can/ may + Vo (won’t / can’t + Vo) |
| SHOULD + S + Vo, |
(If this Hitachi air compressor doesn’t work, call my company 0914-304-112. Hitachi air compressor: máy nén khí Hitachi)
Vo / Don’t Vo if + S + V1 / V s(es)
(Call my company 0914-304-112 if this Hitachi air compressor doesn’t work. Hitachi air compressor: máy nén khí Hitachi)
2. Type 2:Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại
| If clause | Main clause |
| If + S + V2/ed (Nếu có not thì mượn trợ động từ: didn’t + Vo) To be: were / weren’t | S + would / could / might + Vo (wouldn’t / couldn’t + Vo) |
| WERE + S + …., (ĐẢO were khi câu có to BE) WERE + S + to V…., (MƯỢN were khi câu có V thường) | |
| If it were not for/ WERE + it + not + for /But for/Without….+ N, |
3. Type 3: Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ
| If clause | Main clause |
| If + S + had + V3/Ved (Nếu có not thì thêm not sau had: hadn’t + V3/Ved) | S + would / could / might + have + V3/Ved (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + V3/Ved) |
| Had + S + (not) + V3/Ved | |
| If it had not been for/Had + it + not + BEEN + for /But for/Without….+ N, |
4. Type 4 (3+2) (Mixed conditional):
| If + S + had + V3/Ved (yesterday, last, ago), | S would (not) Vo (now, today, this morning) |
| If+ S + V2/didn’t V (now, today), | S would have (not) V3/Ved (yesterday, last, ago). |
If Clause | Main Clause | Usage | |
| If 0 | S + V1 | S + V1 | Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên luôn đúng |
| If 1 | S + V1 | S + can / will + Vo Vo…….(please) Don’t Vo…… | có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại/ tương lai |
| If 2 | S + V2 | S + would/ could + Vo | trái với hiện tại |
| If 3 | S + had V3 | S + would /could (not) + have V3 | trái với quá khứ |
| If 4 | S + had V3 | S + would/ could + Vo | diễn tả một việc đã làm trong QK nhưng kết quả ở hiện tại (yesterday, last, ago), (now, this morning, today) |
INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ) | ||
| If 1 | Should + S (not) +Vo..., S + will Vo | |
| If2 | V tobe: were | Were + S (not) ........, S + would V0 |
| V thường | Were + S (not) + To Vo …, S + would V0… | |
| If 3 | Had + S (not) + V3, S + would have V3.. | |
| If 4 | Had + S (not) + V3, S + would V0. |
1. SOME OTHER CASES:
CONJUNCTIONS | MEANINGS | EXAMPLES |
| If … not = unless | nếu … không (MĐ IF) | - If you do not study harder, you will get low grade. = Unless you study harder, you will get low grade. - If he is not here, you can leave. = Unless he is here, you can leave. |
| or, or else, otherwise | nếu không thì (MĐ Chính) | - Go out now or I will call the police = Go out now, otherwise I will call the police |
| in case | trong trường hợp, phòng khi (MĐ IF) | - You should bring the umbrella in case it rains. |
| provided / providing (that) / as long as | miễn là (MĐ IF) | - You can camp here provided you leave no mess. |
| suppose/supposing that | Giả sử là (MĐ IF) | Supposing that you had a lot of money, what would you do? |
| on condition that | Với điều kiện là (MĐ IF) | On condition that you pay it back tomorrow, I will lend you the book. |
2. AS IF / AS THOUGH:
TYPES | FORMS |
| 1. Unreal in the Present | S + V (present) + as if + S + V2/ ed |
| 2. Unreal in the Past | S + V (past) + as if + S + had V3/ ed |
2. Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize. (She didn’t win the grand prize)
3. WISH / IF ONLY
TYPES | FORMS |
| 1. Future wish | S + WISH + S would / could + Vo |
| 2. Present Wish | S + WISH + S + V2/ed (past subjunctive) |
| 3. Past wish | S + WISH + S + had V3/ed (could have V3/ed ) |
2. I wish I were rich. (I am poor now)
3. She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam last year. (She failed her exam last year.)
4. BUT FOR/ WITHOUT
| But for/ Without + N = If it weren’t for + N = If it hadn’t been for + N | S + would / could + Vo (if 2) S + would / could + have + V3/ ed (if 3) |
REWRITE
B1: xác định loại If
+ nếu câu đề có OR/ AND à loại 1, Hiện tại à Loại 2, Quá Khứ à loại 3, HT + QK -> loại 4
B2: Xác định mệnh đề IF để viết trước
+ If là mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân (sau because, trước chữ so, mệnh đề/câu 1…)
+ phủ định à khẳng định và ngược lại (any à some, some à any)
Phủ định NOT + ANY, Khẳng định đi với SOME
If Clause | Main Clause | Usage | |
| If 0 | S + V1 | S + V1 | Diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên luôn đúng |
| If 1 | S + V1 | S + can / will + Vo Vo…….(please) Don’t Vo…… | có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại/ tương lai |
| If 2 | S + V2 | S + would/ could + Vo | trái với hiện tại |
| If 3 | S + had V3 | S + would /could (not) + have V3 | trái với quá khứ |
| If 4 | S + had V3 | S + would/ could + Vo | diễn tả một việc đã làm trong QK nhưng kết quả ở hiện tại (yesterday, last, ago), (now, this morning, today) |
- If they don’t call you, (not, come) ____don’t come____ there.
- If it (not, rain) ___doesn’t rain____, I will come to see you.
- I (drive) ____would drive____ to work if I had a car.
- If the weather (be) ______is____ good, we will have lunch outside.
- Bring him another if he (not/like) ___does not like___this one.
- Suppose (If) they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) _____would have taken______?
- Had she not been ill yesterday, she (go) ____would go____ to work now.
- Should there be any changes in the timetable, _____don’t forget___ (not, forget) to ring me up.
- If the company offers me a job, I think I (take) ______will take____ it.
- Many people would be out of work if that factory (close) ____closed____ down.
- If you finish before 4: 30, I (come) ______will come____ and pick you up.
- If he had listened to me, he (not, fail) ______wouldn’t have failed____ in the exam.
- If I (know) ____had known_____ about the job, I would have applied for it.
- If I (realize) ___had realized____ that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
- If you had had breakfast, you (not be) ___wouldn’t be____ hungry now.
- What will we do if the taxi______doesn’t come____ (not, come).
- ____Were you to drive___ (you, drive) more carefully, you would not cause so many accidents.
- If I had taken his advice, I _____would be____ (be) rich now.
- If he had been more careful, he_____wouldn’t have had___ an accident. (not, have).
- 20. She wouldn’t have left him _____had he not treated_____(he, not treat) her so badly.
INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ) | ||
| If 1 | Should + S (not) +Vo..., S + will Vo | |
| If2 | V tobe: were | Were + S (not) ........, S + would V0 |
| V thường | Were + S (not) + To Vo …, S + would V0… | |
| If 3 | Had + S (not) + V3, . S + would have V3.. | |
| If 4 | Had + S (not) + V3, S + would V0. |
- She wouldn’t have left him _____had he not treated_____(he, not treat) her so badly.
- (not be, I) ______Had I not been______busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
- (we/invest)____Had we invested_____ in telecommunication industry, we would be rich by now.
- (I/pay) ____Had I paid_____ more attention in French classes when I was at school, I would understand what that man is saying. (If 4)
- (the drought/not lower)___Had the drought not lowered____ the reservoir, the ancient village wouldn't have been discovered. (If 3)
- (it/not be) __Had it not been__ for his assistance in those days, I would not be so successful now. (If 4)
- (you/have) ____Should you have____ any problem with merchandise, contact your local dealer. (If 1)
- George wouldn't have met Mary (he/go) ____had he gone_____ to his brother's graduation party. (If 3)
- (any employee/be) ill ____Should any employee be_____, they must call the office to inform their head of department. (If 1)
- (you/offer)___Were you offered___ that job, would you have to move to another city? (If 2) PASSIVE
